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Compound annual growth rate

Last checked 3 September 2026

What is compound annual growth rate?

Compound annual growth rate is the constant yearly rate at which a starting value would have to grow to reach an ending value over a given number of years.

CAGR flattens a bumpy path into the single rate that produces the same destination. Its value is comparability: two portfolios that both went from $50,000 to $80,000 over four years have the same CAGR regardless of how differently they got there.

That smoothing is also its main limitation. CAGR is silent on volatility, so a steady climb and a violent round trip to the same endpoint are indistinguishable. Pair it with a drawdown figure if the path matters, which for anyone who has to live through it, it does.

It also breaks when the starting value is zero or negative, which is common for personal net worth. There is no meaningful percentage growth from a negative base, which is why selftickr shows absolute change rather than a rate for accounts below zero.

CAGR

(ending value ÷ starting value)^(1 ÷ years) − 1

Undefined when the starting value is zero or negative.

Worked example. Growing from $50,000 to $80,000 over four years is a CAGR of about 12.5%.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between CAGR and average annual return?
A simple average of yearly returns overstates growth whenever returns vary, because it ignores compounding. A year of +50% followed by a year of −50% averages 0% but has a CAGR of about −13.4%, which is what actually happened to the money.

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